TRGOVSKI DOM

SLO

Zgodba Trgovskega doma se začne leta 1902, ko je Trgovsko-obrtna zadruga, na pobudo Henrika Tume, začela uresničevati vizijo skupnega doma za goriške Slovence. Arhitekturno zasnovo so zaupali Maksu Fabianiju, gradnjo pa lokalnim mojstrom: stavbo so zidali bratje Mozetič, opremljali mizarski mojstri iz Solkana, ključavničar Alojzij Živic in steklar Anton Koren.

1905 - Na stavbi komaj viden napis: Trgovski dom
Vir: Fond Giovanni Viola

Zgradba je po odprtju leta 1905 hitro postala živahno središče slovenske navzočnosti v mestu. V njej so bile trgovine, društva, knjižnica, glasbena šola, telovadnica in sodobna dvorana, kjer so potekali koncerti, gledališke predstave, filmske projekcije in plesi. Svoj sedež so tu imeli Goriški Sokol, Narodna prosveta s knjižnico in knjigarna Andreja Gabrščka.

Prva svetovna vojna je stavbo poškodovala, a po obnovi je znova zaživela. Vendar so nad Trgovskim domom že viseli temni oblaki: zadruga je bila od leta 1912 v stečajnem postopku, po nekajletnem upravljanju likvidacijskega odbora pa so fašistične oblasti imenovale novega likvidatorja, ki je stavbo prodal goriški federaciji fašistične stranke. Že pred tem, 4. novembra 1926, so fašisti nasilno uničili prostore, sežgali knjige in vse gradivo, ki je bilo v stavbi, dom pa preimenovali v Casa del fascio in ga spremenili v svoj sedež.

Po drugi svetovni vojni se je Trgovski dom za kratek čas preimenoval v Ljudski dom in znova postal živahno zbirališče slovenske skupnosti. V njem je delovalo več kot trideset organizacij – od pevskih in dramskih društev do uredništev in pisarn. A ko je bila meja po pariški mirovni pogodbi leta 1947 dokončno določena, je stavbo prevzela italijanska država. Italijanski nacionalisti so ponovno vdrli v stavbo, jo uničili in sežgali vse knjige in gradivo, ki so ga našli. V prostore so se naselile italijanske državne ustanove.

1946 - Na stavbi napis: Ljudski dom - Casa del popolo
Vir: Pokrajinski arhiv v Novi Gorici

Novo poglavje za palačo se je začelo leta 2001 z zakonom o zaščiti slovenske manjšine v Italiji, ki predvideva vrnitev v času fašizma zaplenjenih nepremičnin. Med njimi je tudi Trgovski dom. Leta 2021 je v stavbo vstopila Narodna in študijska knjižnica, ki je tja preselila Knjižnico Damirja Feigla. Kmalu sta se ji pridružili še Glasbena matica in Slovenski center za glasbeno vzgojo Emil Komel. Po dolgih desetletjih Trgovski dom znova postaja eno izmed osrednjih kulturnih središč Slovencev v Gorici.

ENG

The story of Trgovski dom (the “Commercial and Trade House”) begins in 1902, when the Trade and Crafts Cooperative, on the initiative of Henrik Tuma, set out to realise the vision of a shared cultural and economic centre for the Slovenes of Gorizia. The architectural design was entrusted to Max Fabiani, and the construction to local craftsmen: the building was erected by the Mozetič brothers, and fitted out by master carpenters from Solkan, locksmith Alojzij Živic, and glazier Anton Koren.

After its opening in 1905, Trgovski dom quickly became a vibrant centre of Slovene life in the city. It housed shops, associations, a library, a music school, a gymnasium, and a modern hall that hosted concerts, theatre performances, film screenings, and dances. The building was home to the Goriški Sokol (Gorizia’s Slovene gymnastic association), Narodna prosveta (the National Educational Society) with its library, and Andrej Gabršček’s bookshop.

The First World War caused damage to the building, but after restoration, Trgovski dom once again became active. However, dark clouds were already gathering over it: the cooperative had been undergoing bankruptcy proceedings since 1912. After several years under the management of a liquidation committee, the Fascist authorities appointed a new liquidator, who sold the building to the Gorizia branch of the Fascist party federation. Even before this, on 4 November 1926, Fascists violently destroyed the premises, burned the books and all the materials housed in the building, renamed the Trgovski dom to Casa del Fascio, and turned it into their city headquarters.

After the Second World War, Trgovski dom was briefly renamed Ljudski dom (“People’s House”) and once again became a lively gathering place for the Slovene community. More than thirty organisations operated within its walls – from choral and drama societies to editorial offices and administrative departments. However, when the border was definitively drawn by the Paris Peace Treaty in 1947, the building was taken over by the Italian state. Italian nationalists once again stormed the building, destroyed it, and burned all the books and materials they found. The premises were then occupied by Italian state institutions.

A new chapter began in 2001 with the passing of the law for the protection of the Slovene minority in Italy, which provides for the return of properties confiscated during the Fascist era. Among them is Trgovski dom. In 2021, the Narodna in študijska knjižnica (National and Study Library) moved into the building, transferring the Damir Feigel Library to the site. It was soon joined by the Glasbena matica (Slovene Music School) and the Slovenski center za glasbeno vzgojo Emil Komel (Slovene Centre for Music Education Emil Komel). After many decades, Trgovski dom is once again becoming one of the central cultural hubs of the Slovene community in Gorizia.